Application Knowledge Base
A molecular-to-management chain linking viruses to WOAH-listed diseases, diagnostic methods, vaccine targets and host disease-resistance genes.
Virus
taxonomy & genomes
WOAH disease
listed diseases
Diagnostics
detection methods
Vaccine
antigen targets
Resistance
host genes
9
WOAH viral pathogens
25
Curated diagnostics
6
Vaccine targets
94
Resistance genes
Virus ↔ WOAH-listed disease mapping
Listed diseases of aquatic animals (WOAH Aquatic Animal Health Code, Chapter 1.3, 2024). Viral causative agents link to curated virus entries; non-viral reference rows (bacteria, protozoa, oomycete) are included for completeness.
| WOAH category | Disease | Causative agent | Agent type | Virus entry |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| crustacean | Infection with Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (white tail disease) | Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus | virus | Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus |
| crustacean | Infection with Taura syndrome virus | Taura syndrome virus | virus | Taura syndrome virus |
| crustacean | Infection with decapod iridescent virus 1 | Decapod iridescent virus 1 | virus | Decapod iridescent virus |
| crustacean | Infection with infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus | Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus | virus | Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus |
| crustacean | Infection with infectious myonecrosis virus | Infectious myonecrosis virus | virus | Infectious myonecrosis virus |
| crustacean | Infection with white spot syndrome virus | White spot syndrome virus | virus | White spot syndrome virus |
| crustacean | Infection with yellow head virus genotype 1 | Yellow head virus genotype 1 | virus | Yellow head virus |
| mollusc | Infection with abalone herpesvirus | Haliotid herpesvirus 1 (abalone herpesvirus) | virus | Haliotid herpesvirus 1 |
| mollusc | Infection with ostreid herpesvirus 1 microvariants | Ostreid herpesvirus 1 microvariant | virus | Ostreid herpesvirus 1 microvariant |
| crustacean | Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease | Vibrio parahaemolyticus (pirAB-encoding strains) | bacterium | — |
| crustacean | Infection with Aphanomyces astaci (crayfish plague) | Aphanomyces astaci | oomycete | — |
| crustacean | Infection with Hepatobacter penaei (necrotising hepatopancreatitis) | Hepatobacter penaei | bacterium | — |
| mollusc | Infection with Bonamia exitiosa | Bonamia exitiosa | protist | — |
| mollusc | Infection with Bonamia ostreae | Bonamia ostreae | protist | — |
| mollusc | Infection with Marteilia refringens | Marteilia refringens | protist | — |
| mollusc | Infection with Perkinsus marinus | Perkinsus marinus | protist | — |
| mollusc | Infection with Perkinsus olseni | Perkinsus olseni | protist | — |
| mollusc | Infection with Xenohaliotis californiensis | Xenohaliotis californiensis | bacterium | — |
Diagnostic methods
325 manual-checked records; 25 curated shownCovert mortality nodavirus (1 methods)
| Method | Category | Target / region | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development of a TaqMan real-time RT-PCR assay for detection of covert mortality nodavirus (CMNV) in penaeid shrimp | nucleic_acid_amplification | — | medium |
Decapod iridescent virus (1 methods)
| Method | Category | Target / region | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rapid Visual Detection of Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 (DIV1) by RPA Combined With LFS. | nucleic_acid_amplification | — | medium |
Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (4 methods)
| Method | Category | Target / region | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| IHHNV-PCR | nucleic_acid_amplification | NS1/NS2 gene | high |
| IHHNV-qPCR | nucleic_acid_amplification | NS1 gene | high |
| No single PCR test is sufficient to determine parvovirus IHHNV presence in or impact on farmed shrimp production | nucleic_acid_amplification | — | medium |
| IHHNV-in situ hybridization | nucleic_acid_hybridization | IHHNV genomic DNA | medium |
Infectious myonecrosis virus (2 methods)
| Method | Category | Target / region | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| IMNV-RT-PCR | nucleic_acid_amplification | capsid gene | medium |
| IMNV-qPCR | nucleic_acid_amplification | capsid gene | medium |
Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (3 methods)
| Method | Category | Target / region | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Truncation-Enhanced Aptamer Binding Affinity and Its Potential as a Sensor for Macrobrachium rosenbergii Nodavirus Detec | immunoassay | — | medium |
| MrNV-RT-PCR | nucleic_acid_amplification | RNA2/capsid gene | medium |
| MrNV-qPCR | nucleic_acid_amplification | RNA2 gene | medium |
Taura syndrome virus (4 methods)
| Method | Category | Target / region | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| TSV-RT-LAMP | nucleic_acid_amplification | CP2 gene | medium |
| TSV-RT-PCR | nucleic_acid_amplification | CP2/CP3 gene | medium |
| TSV-qPCR | nucleic_acid_amplification | CP2 gene | medium |
| TSV-in situ hybridization | nucleic_acid_hybridization | TSV genomic RNA | medium |
White spot syndrome virus (7 methods)
| Method | Category | Target / region | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| WSSV-CRISPR-Cas12a | crispr_cas | VP28 gene | medium |
| WSSV-IC strip (VP28 monoclonal) | immunoassay | VP28 capsid protein | medium |
| WSSV-LAMP | nucleic_acid_amplification | VP28 gene | medium |
| WSSV-PCR (Lo 1996) | nucleic_acid_amplification | VP28/VP26 gene | high |
| WSSV-nested RT-PCR | nucleic_acid_amplification | VP28 gene | medium |
| WSSV-qPCR (SYBR Green/TaqMan) | nucleic_acid_amplification | VP28 gene | medium |
| WSSV-in situ hybridization | nucleic_acid_hybridization | WSSV genomic DNA | medium |
Yellow head virus (3 methods)
| Method | Category | Target / region | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| YHV-RT-PCR | nucleic_acid_amplification | p20 gene | medium |
| YHV-qPCR | nucleic_acid_amplification | p20 gene | medium |
| YHV/GAV multiplex RT-PCR | nucleic_acid_amplification | p20/gp116 gene | medium |
Vaccine antigen targets
| Virus | Target protein | Vaccine type | Antigen type | Efficacy summary | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White spot syndrome virus | recombinant vaccine (whole WSSV) | recombinant | — | recombinant vaccines against WSSV evaluated in Procambarus clarkii | medium |
| White spot syndrome virus | VP28 | subunit | envelope protein | oral baculovirus-expressed VP28 enhanced protection against WSSV | high |
| White spot syndrome virus | WSSV envelope proteins | — | envelope protein | WSSV envelope proteins identified as vaccine design targets | medium |
| White spot syndrome virus | VP15 | — | structural protein | VP15 antigenic domains and peptides with antiviral effects | medium |
| White spot syndrome virus | RNA nanovaccine | RNA | — | RNA nanovaccine reduced WSSV viral load in challenged shrimp | high |
| White spot syndrome virus | WSSV antigen (microalgae-expressed) | recombinant | — | transgenic microalgae recombinant vaccine against WSSV | medium |
Host disease-resistance genes
94 genesAntimicrobial peptide (33)
| Gene | Evidence type | Mechanism | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| ALF (anti-lipopolysaccharide factor) | expression_correlation | probiotic modulates ALF expression | low |
| ALF (anti-lipopolysaccharide factor, 7 genes) | expression_correlation | ALF genes selected from WSSV acute infection transcriptome | medium |
| ALF (hydrothermal vent shrimp) | expression_correlation | immune function of deep-sea crustacean ALF | medium |
| ALF (lymphoid organ specific) | expression_correlation | protection from WSSV infection | medium |
| ALF / Penaeidins (via LvSARM) | expression_correlation | LvSARM regulates Penaeidins and ALF expression | medium |
| ALF, proPO, alpha-2-macroglobulin | expression_correlation | non-specific immune components as primary defenses | low |
| ALF1, Spatzle, CuZnSOD3 | expression_correlation | differentially abundant unigenes in M. rosenbergii post-larvae | medium |
| ALFPm3, CrustinPm1 | RNAi_knockdown | knockdown enhances Toll signaling during YHV infection | medium |
| Anti-lipopolysaccharide factor, Crustin-III | expression_correlation | anti-white spot virus peptides | medium |
| BigPEN (penaeidin family) | RNAi_knockdown | antimicrobial peptide of penaeidin family | medium |
| C-type lectin, IMD, ALF, HMGB1 | expression_correlation | immune DEGs in disease-tolerant crossbred black tiger shrimp | medium |
| CruI-1, CruI-5, ALF-A1/C1/C2/D1 | RNAi_knockdown | crustin and ALF expression in Stat-silenced shrimp | medium |
| EcALF3/4/5 (anti-lipopolysaccharide factors) | RNAi_knockdown | synthetic LBD peptides reduce WSSV copy number in vivo | high |
| Fein-Penaeidin | expression_correlation | penaeidin upregulated after Vibrio challenge | medium |
| Hsp70, crustin, prophenoloxidase | expression_correlation | immune genes up-regulated 8.5/10.4/1.5-fold | medium |
| Hsp70, proPO, peroxinectin, penaeidin, crustin | expression_correlation | heat shock increases immune protein transcripts | medium |
| MjAlf-D2 (anti-lipopolysaccharide factor D) | expression_correlation | up-regulated after WSSV challenge; antiviral activity | high |
| MjCru I-1, crustin-like peptide | expression_correlation | crustin isoforms associated with phagocytosis | medium |
| PEN2/3/4, lysozyme, crustin1/2/3, VICP1/2, ALF1/2/3 | expression_correlation | AMP expression during WSSV infection | medium |
| PEN4 (penaeidin), Crustin | expression_correlation | antiviral agent (Argovit) modulates AMP expression | medium |
| Pen3 (penaeidin-3), Crustin, SOD, CAT, GST | expression_correlation | polyphenol treatment modulates immune gene expression | low |
| Type II crustins | expression_correlation | transcriptional response after bacterial infection | medium |
| antimicrobial peptide genes | expression_correlation | AMP expression correlates with survival capacity of selected shrimp line | medium |
| crustin, HSP70, HSP90, GRP78 | expression_correlation | genes during initial stage of acute WSSV infection | medium |
| crustin-like AMP | expression_correlation | crustin-like peptide expression in response to pathogens | medium |
| crustin-like AMP | expression_correlation | crustin-like AMP expression profile | medium |
| crustin-like peptide (EHP response) | expression_correlation | immune response to bacteria and EHP infection | medium |
| crustins (3 isoforms) | expression_correlation | three crustins cloned from Chinese white shrimp | medium |
| lysozyme, C-type lectin, penaeidins, proPO-1/2 | expression_correlation | higher expression in WSSV-surviving shrimp | medium |
| mFcALF2 (anti-lipopolysaccharide factor) | expression_correlation | recombinant expression in Pichia pastoris | medium |
| penaeidins (new members) | expression_correlation | penaeidin family members involved in defense reactions | medium |
| stylicins | expression_correlation | constitutively produced by hemocytes and intestinal cells | medium |
| stylicins | expression_correlation | new AMP family with antifungal activity | medium |
Genetic marker (1)
| Gene | Evidence type | Mechanism | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| WSSV resistance (genetic variation) | genetic_marker | heritability of WSSV disease resistance in L. vannamei families | medium |
Immune signaling (37)
| Gene | Evidence type | Mechanism | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMPK alpha | RNAi_knockdown | WSSV exploits AMPK to activate mTORC2 signaling; Ampk-RNAi inhibits WSSV replication | high |
| Dscam (LvDscam/PmDscam) | expression_correlation | invertebrate adaptive immune protein; highly diverse cytoplasmic tail | medium |
| Dscam, LGBP | expression_correlation | responsive to bacterial infection | low |
| EcThr-LecB / EcThr-LecA (C-type lectin) | RNAi_knockdown | tandem threonine C-type lectin from ridgetail prawn | medium |
| FOXO | expression_correlation | FOXO regulates AMP expression and promotes hemocyte phagocytosis | medium |
| Hippo-Yki pathway (Hippo/Wts/Yki) | RNAi_knockdown | Hippo-Yki signaling positively regulates immune response | medium |
| Hsp70, Hsp90, DSCAM | expression_correlation | phloroglucinol induces transgenerational resistance | medium |
| IE1 (prophenoloxidase modulation) | RNAi_knockdown | WSSV IE1 modulates host prophenoloxidase system | medium |
| JAK/STAT, Toll, IMD (immune genes) | expression_correlation | immune gene expression impacted by WSSV | medium |
| LOXL (lysyl oxidase-like protein) | RNAi_knockdown | recognizes viral envelope proteins; inhibits WSSV replication | high |
| LvATF4, XBP1 | RNAi_knockdown | ATF4 and XBP1 transcriptionally regulate WSSV genes | medium |
| LvDscam | RNAi_knockdown | silencing LvDscam decreases hemocytic phagocytosis against WSSV | medium |
| LvDscam isoforms | expression_correlation | specific pathogen recognition | medium |
| LvFLp53 / Lv-delta-Np53 (p53 isoforms) | RNAi_knockdown | p53 isoforms interact with NF-kB for distinct immune responses | medium |
| LvGSK3-beta / LvDorsal / LvCactus | RNAi_knockdown | GSK3-beta negatively regulates NF-kB activity during WSSV infection | medium |
| LvIKK-beta, LvIKK-epsilon (IKK-NF-kB pathway) | RNAi_knockdown | regulates AMP expression; subverted by WSSV | medium |
| LvToll (novel Toll receptor) | RNAi_knockdown | restricts WSSV infection via Dorsal-mediated AMP induction | high |
| LvToll1 (NF-kB pathways) | RNAi_knockdown | LvToll1 regulates WSSV infection; knockdown increases mortality | medium |
| Mindin | RNAi_knockdown | activates autophagy for lipid utilization; facilitates WSSV infection | medium |
| MjGal (galectin) | RNAi_knockdown | functions as opsonin, promotes bacterial clearance | medium |
| PcTrim | RNAi_knockdown | prevents early WSSV infection by inhibiting AP1-induced endocytosis | medium |
| PlDscam | expression_correlation | immune challenge induces PlDscam expression in hemocytes | medium |
| PmMasSPH-1/2 (serine proteinase homologues) | RNAi_knockdown | activate prophenoloxidase system | medium |
| PmPPAE3 / miR-315 | RNAi_knockdown | WSSV-induced miR-315 attenuates prophenoloxidase activation | medium |
| PmSTAT / PmDOME | RNAi_knockdown | knockdown affects WSSV infection | medium |
| Pv-Integrin beta | RNAi_knockdown | knockdown increases WSSV load; regulates AMP expression | high |
| PvHMC (hemocyanin) / MKK4 | RNAi_knockdown | ARM repeat domain of hemocyanin interacts with MKK4 to modulate AMP expression | medium |
| STAT (STAT-mediated gene modules) | expression_correlation | functional gene modules associated with STAT-mediated antiviral responses | medium |
| TPI, caspases, C-type lectins, HSPs | expression_correlation | shrimp resist DIV1 by regulating TPI/caspases/C-type lectins/HSP | medium |
| TRAF6 / NF-kB | expression_correlation | TRAF6 responds to WSSV and activates AMP genes | medium |
| TRIM50-like (E3 ubiquitin ligase) | RNAi_knockdown | restricts WSSV proliferation via autophagy | medium |
| Toll3-Dorsal-ALFs (ECSIT) | RNAi_knockdown | ECSIT-mediated Toll3-Dorsal-ALFs pathway inhibits bacterial amplification | medium |
| WSSV miRNAs targeting JAK-STAT | expression_correlation | WSSV miRNAs target JAK-STAT pathway to interfere with immune system | medium |
| beta-Integrin | RNAi_knockdown | role in WSSV infection of Chinese shrimp | medium |
| lToll (Toll receptor) | RNAi_knockdown | lToll not required for dsRNA-triggered sequence-independent antiviral immunity | medium |
| lva-miR-4850 (immune genes) | expression_correlation | miRNA regulates prophenoloxidase activating system | medium |
| miR-10c / Toll3 | RNAi_knockdown | miR-10c facilitates WSSV infection by targeting Toll3 | medium |
Other (12)
| Gene | Evidence type | Mechanism | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| F1-ATP synthase beta subunit | RNAi_knockdown | cell surface WSSV receptor; ATP synthesis suppressed by WSSV | medium |
| G6PD, TKTL2 (pentose phosphate pathway) | RNAi_knockdown | WSSV IE1 hijacks pentose phosphate pathway to fuel replication | medium |
| IE1/JNK/c-Jun (WSSV feedback loop) | RNAi_knockdown | WSSV establishes IE1/JNK/c-Jun positive feedback to drive replication | medium |
| LvIDH1, LvIDH2, Lv-alpha-KGDH | RNAi_knockdown | glutamine metabolism triggered in hemocytes at WSSV replication stage | medium |
| LvVEGFR2 | RNAi_knockdown | vascular endothelial growth factor receptor participates in WSSV infection | medium |
| MjATP5I, MjATP5L (ATP synthase subunits) | RNAi_knockdown | sORF-encoded peptides facilitate WSSV duplication | medium |
| PmAP-2 beta (clathrin assembly protein-2) | RNAi_knockdown | up-regulated during WSSV infection | medium |
| PmRab11 | RNAi_knockdown | suppression of PmRab11 inhibits YHV infection | high |
| PmVRP15 | RNAi_knockdown | viral responsive protein promoting WSSV replication | medium |
| PmVRP15 (viral responsive protein 15) | RNAi_knockdown | role in nuclear export of virus during WSSV infection | medium |
| TCTP (translationally controlled tumor protein) | RNAi_knockdown | critical factor in shrimp immune response to virus | medium |
| dystrophin | RNAi_knockdown | dsRNA silencing of dystrophin under WSSV challenge | low |
RNAi pathway (11)
| Gene | Evidence type | Mechanism | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dicer-2 / AMPK / FoxO axis | RNAi_knockdown | dsRNA induces antiviral transcriptional response via Dicer-2/Ampk/FoxO | medium |
| RNAi therapeutics | RNAi_knockdown | RNA interference-based therapeutics for shrimp viral diseases | medium |
| VP28 dsRNA (plant VLP) | RNAi_knockdown | plant virus VLP containing VP28 dsRNA against WSSV | medium |
| dsRNA (WSSV hub proteins) | RNAi_knockdown | preventive strategy targeting WSSV hub proteins | medium |
| dsRNA (non-specific) | RNAi_knockdown | dsRNA treatment increased resistance to WSSV and TSV | high |
| dsRNA + capsid protein VLP | RNAi_knockdown | co-expression of dsRNA and viral capsid protein | medium |
| dsRNA antiviral immunity | RNAi_knockdown | inducible host mechanisms; viral counter-responses | medium |
| dsRNA-DNA pol (Orf514) | RNAi_knockdown | dsRNA-dna pol gave 50% survival | medium |
| long dsRNA | RNAi_knockdown | dsRNA administration enhanced shrimp survival | medium |
| multi-target dsRNA | RNAi_knockdown | single-batch multi-target dsRNA for WSSV prevention | high |
| shrimp antiviral dsRNA (algal-expressed) | RNAi_knockdown | dsRNA-expressed algal cells gave 50% survival against YHV | medium |